UTI
Urinary Tract Infections
- 2nd most common bacterial infection world-wide.
- Almost only women due to anatomy (8:1).
- Leads to significant complications or even death if untreated.
- 50 Mio. women worldwide are estimated to have recurrent UTI (meaning 3 or more episodes per year).
- In the USA alone, 7 mio office visits, 100’000 hospitalizations and USD 1.6 billion costs p.a.
CAUTI
Catheter Associated UTI
- Insertion of a catheter pushes bacteria from urethra into bladder.
- Affects men and women equally.
- 244 mio catheters are used per year world-wide.
- Catheter associated UTI is the source for about 20% of episodes of health-care acquired bacteremia in acute care facilities and 50% in long term care facilities.
- Associated costs are 3 bn USD p.a. in the USA alone.
Intermittent catheters
Paraplegic patients
- Intermittent catheters (4x per day) often needed.
- Infection rate is 20%, resulting is several UTI per patient and year.
- CAUTI is the second most common cause of death among paraplegic patients.
Antimicrobial Resistance
UTI + antibiotics = resistance
Proportion of invasive isolates with resistance to fluoro-quinolones in 2009.
- Not included
- 5% to <10%
- 10% to <25%
- 25% to <50%
- >50%
- In over 90% of all cases antibiotics are being prescribed.
- 15% of all community prescribed antibiotics are use against UTI.
- In Germany, multi-resistant E. coli increased from 0% to 46% in humans from 2009 to 2016!
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